Subcellular trafficking of the Arabidopsis auxin influx carrier AUX1 uses a novel pathway distinct from PIN1

The directional flow of the plant hormone auxin mediates multiple developmental processes, including patterning and tropisms. Apical and basal plasma membrane localization of AUXIN-RESISTANT1 (AUX1) and PIN-FORMED1 (PIN1) auxin transport components underpins the directionality of intercellular auxin flow in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Here, we examined the mechanism of polar trafficking of AUX1. Real-time live cell analysis along with subcellular markers revealed that AUX1 resides at the apical plasma membrane of protophloem cells and at highly dynamic subpopulations of Golgi apparatus and endosomes in all cell types. Plasma membrane and intracellular pools of AUX1 are interconnected by actin-dependent constitutive trafficking, which is not sensitive to the vesicle trafficking inhibitor brefeldin A. AUX1 subcellular dynamics are not influenced by the auxin influx inhibitor NOA but are blocked by the auxin efflux inhibitors TIBA and PBA. Furthermore, auxin transport inhibitors and interference with the sterol composition of membranes disrupt polar AUX1 distribution at the plasma membrane. Compared with PIN1 trafficking, AUX1 dynamics display different sensitivities to trafficking inhibitors and are independent of the endosomal trafficking regulator ARF GEF GNOM. Hence, AUX1 uses a novel trafficking pathway in plants that is distinct from PIN trafficking, providing an additional mechanism for the fine regulation of auxin transport

Cricket Player Profiling: Unraveling Strengths and Weaknesses Using Text Commentary Data

Devising player-specific strategies in cricket necessitates a meticulous understanding of each player's unique strengths and weaknesses. Nevertheless, the absence of a definitive computational approach to extract such insights from cricket players poses a significant challenge. This paper seeks to address this gap by establishing computational models designed to extract the rules governing player strengths and weaknesses, thereby facilitating the development of tailored strategies for individual players. The complexity of this endeavor lies in several key areas: the selection of a suitable dataset, the precise definition of strength and weakness rules, the identification of an appropriate learning algorithm, and the validation of the derived rules. To tackle these challenges, we propose the utilization of unstructured data, specifically cricket text commentary, as a valuable resource for constructing comprehensive strength and weakness rules for cricket players. We also introduce computationally feasible definitions for the construction of these rules, and present a dimensionality reduction technique for the rule-building process. In order to showcase the practicality of this approach, we conduct an in-depth analysis of cricket player strengths and weaknesses using a vast corpus of more than one million text commentaries. Furthermore, we validate the constructed rules through two distinct methodologies: intrinsic and extrinsic. The outcomes of this research are made openly accessible, including the collected data, source code, and results for over 250 cricket players, which can be accessed at https://bit.ly/2PKuzx8.Comment: The initial work was published in the ICMLA 2019 conferenc

One gene, many proteins: mapping cell-specific alternative splicing in plants

Pre-mRNA alternative splicing (AS) generates protein variants from a single gene that can create novel regulatory opportunities. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Li et al. (2016) present a high-resolution expression map of AS events in Arabidopsis root tissues, giving insight into cell-type- and stage-specific AS mechanisms in plants

Algorithm for Islanding Detection in Distributed Generation System

Power industry has been emphasizing more importance on distributed generation because there are new technology like fuel cell, wind turbine and power electronic use for advancement of power system has been evolved so much which cannot be possible without distributed generation. Hence distributed generation (DG) has become an inseparable part in power system and gained so much importance because of economical and environmental purpose. Islanding is a situation where a part of the distributed generation system containing a distributed generator gets electrically isolated from the remainder of the power system still continues to energise the network where the situation has occurred. Thus it has become important that the portion where islanding has occurred must detect this situation immediately for safety purpose. If tripping doesn’t occur in time there can be various and critical problem. Currently in industry practice we disconnect all distributed generators after islanding has occurred. Generally a distributed generator should be disconnected within 0.1s to 0.3s after loss of grid/main supply. To achieve this, each distributed generator must be supplied with an anti-islanding device which detect islanding like vector surge relay and ROCOF relay. In this thesis we have discussed about current practices and development of power system through distributed generation, Islanding and other problems in distributed generation system, importance of islanding detection , islanding detection techniques which are used in common, Wavelet transform and hybrid technology developed in islanding detection, New method based on negative sequence component’s like voltage and current for islanding detection of wind turbines using the wavelet transform, Usage of both active and passive method and how it eliminates most of the non-detective zone, The coefficient at d-1 separation through daubechies wavelet transform localizes the corresponding islanding events and the change in energy and standard deviation at d-1 levelfor one cycle gives the threshold comparing which we conclude about the islanding condition , The usage of positive feedback and continuous feedback method and the implementation of DQ model of electrical machine for hybrid detection technology, simulation on islanding detection based these two techniques using SIMULINK and MATLAB is done. Finally a case-study of distributed Generation System containing 9 MW wind farms, 500 kW resistive loads and ,9MVAR filters, are considered for wavelet transform method and results are shown on islanding detection using those data and for hybrid method the same is done using feedback method and dq implementation for active method and checking the parameter through passive method with and without the controller. For islanding and nonislanding condition different conditions are checked so that islanding conditions can be clearly distinguished from the non-islanding condition. Sudden load change, line trip, islanding and normal condition for wavelet transform and detection of islanding with and without controller in hybrid method found to be highly effective in islanding detection. These two methods are then compared according to their stability and importance in different condition of power syste

Algorithm for Islanding Detection in Distributed Generation System

Power industry has been emphasizing more importance on distributed generation because there are new technology like fuel cell, wind turbine and power electronic use for advancement of power system has been evolved so much which cannot be possible without distributed generation. Hence distributed generation (DG) has become an inseparable part in power system and gained so much importance because of economical and environmental purpose. Islanding is a situation where a part of the distributed generation system containing a distributed generator gets electrically isolated from the remainder of the power system still continues to energise the network where the situation has occurred. Thus it has become important that the portion where islanding has occurred must detect this situation immediately for safety purpose. If tripping doesn’t occur in time there can be various and critical problem. Currently in industry practice we disconnect all distributed generators after islanding has occurred. Generally a distributed generator should be disconnected within 0.1s to 0.3s after loss of grid/main supply. To achieve this, each distributed generator must be supplied with an anti-islanding device which detect islanding like vector surge relay and ROCOF relay. In this thesis we have discussed about current practices and development of power system through distributed generation, Islanding and other problems in distributed generation system, importance of islanding detection , islanding detection techniques which are used in common, Wavelet transform and hybrid technology developed in islanding detection, New method based on negative sequence component’s like voltage and current for islanding detection of wind turbines using the wavelet transform, Usage of both active and passive method and how it eliminates most of the non-detective zone, The coefficient at d-1 separation through daubechies wavelet transform localizes the corresponding islanding events and the change in energy and standard deviation at d-1 levelfor one cycle gives the threshold comparing which we conclude about the islanding condition , The usage of positive feedback and continuous feedback method and the implementation of DQ model of electrical machine for hybrid detection technology, simulation on islanding detection based these two techniques using SIMULINK and MATLAB is done. Finally a case-study of distributed Generation System containing 9 MW wind farms, 500 kW resistive loads and ,9MVAR filters, are considered for wavelet transform method and results are shown on islanding detection using those data and for hybrid method the same is done using feedback method and dq implementation for active method and checking the parameter through passive method with and without the controller. For islanding and nonislanding condition different conditions are checked so that islanding conditions can be clearly distinguished from the non-islanding condition. Sudden load change, line trip, islanding and normal condition for wavelet transform and detection of islanding with and without controller in hybrid method found to be highly effective in islanding detection. These two methods are then compared according to their stability and importance in different condition of power syste

Uloga istodobne primjene antioksidanata u sprječavanju oksidacijskih oštećenja uzrokovanih supkroničnom izloženošću štakora arsenu

In this experiment thirty rats were exposed to 0 (Gr. I, healthy controls) or 10 ppm arsenic (sodium arsenite) through drinking water ad lib for eight weeks after dividing them into five groups of six rats each. Rats in Gr. III, IV and V were administered a daily oral dose of cysteine, methionine or ascorbic acid 25 mg/kg body mass respectively, while those in Gr. II served as the treated control. At the end of the experimental period oxidative stress indices viz. lipid peroxides level (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were estimated in blood, liver and kidneys from sacrificed rats. Arsenic exposure resulted in a significant (P0.05) effects on the body mass of rats of different groups over time. It is concluded from the present study that prophylactic co-administration of cysteine, methionine and ascorbic acid could provide tissue specific protection from oxidative injury during sub-chronic exposure to arsenicU istraživanju su štakori bili izloženi natrijevom arsenitu (10 ppm arsena) primijenjenom u vodi za piće tijekom 8 tjedana nakon čega su bili podijeljeni u 5 skupina po 6 štakora. Štakorima u skupinama 3, 4 i 5 oralnim je putem dnevno davan cistein, metionin ili askorbinska kiselina u količini od 25 mg/kg tjelesne mase. Štakori 2. skupine poslužili su kao kontrola. Na kraju pokusa određeni su pokazatelji oksidativnog stresa i to razina lipidnog peroksida, superoksidne dismutaze i katalaze u krvi, jetri i bubrezima. Izloženost arsenu očitovala se značajnim (P0,05) na tjelesnu masu štakora različitih skupina. Zaključeno je da istodobna profilaktička primjena cisteina, metionina ili askorbinske kiseline pruža specifičnu zaštitu tkiva od oksidacijskih oštećenja uzrokovanih supkroničnim izlaganjem arsenu

Uloga istodobne primjene antioksidanata u sprječavanju oksidacijskih oštećenja uzrokovanih supkroničnom izloženošću štakora arsenu

In this experiment thirty rats were exposed to 0 (Gr. I, healthy controls) or 10 ppm arsenic (sodium arsenite) through drinking water ad lib for eight weeks after dividing them into five groups of six rats each. Rats in Gr. III, IV and V were administered a daily oral dose of cysteine, methionine or ascorbic acid 25 mg/kg body mass respectively, while those in Gr. II served as the treated control. At the end of the experimental period oxidative stress indices viz. lipid peroxides level (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were estimated in blood, liver and kidneys from sacrificed rats. Arsenic exposure resulted in a significant (P0.05) effects on the body mass of rats of different groups over time. It is concluded from the present study that prophylactic co-administration of cysteine, methionine and ascorbic acid could provide tissue specific protection from oxidative injury during sub-chronic exposure to arsenicU istraživanju su štakori bili izloženi natrijevom arsenitu (10 ppm arsena) primijenjenom u vodi za piće tijekom 8 tjedana nakon čega su bili podijeljeni u 5 skupina po 6 štakora. Štakorima u skupinama 3, 4 i 5 oralnim je putem dnevno davan cistein, metionin ili askorbinska kiselina u količini od 25 mg/kg tjelesne mase. Štakori 2. skupine poslužili su kao kontrola. Na kraju pokusa određeni su pokazatelji oksidativnog stresa i to razina lipidnog peroksida, superoksidne dismutaze i katalaze u krvi, jetri i bubrezima. Izloženost arsenu očitovala se značajnim (P0,05) na tjelesnu masu štakora različitih skupina. Zaključeno je da istodobna profilaktička primjena cisteina, metionina ili askorbinske kiseline pruža specifičnu zaštitu tkiva od oksidacijskih oštećenja uzrokovanih supkroničnim izlaganjem arsenu

Analiza maksimalnih procijepa pseudorapiditeta u nuklearnim sudarima na par do nekoliko stotina gev

This paper presents new results on the maximum gap (∆max) in the pseudorapidity distribution of charged particles in individual events in 24Mg-AgBr, 16O-AgBr and 32S-AgBr interaction in the energy range 4.5 − 200 AGeV. The location of the ∆max in an event and the experimental ∆max distribution at all energies has been studied in details. It has been observed that Gaussian distribution can describe the experimental data satisfactorily over the entire energy range.Predstavljamo nove ishode mjerenja maksimalnih procijepa (∆_max) u raspodjeli pseudorapiditeta nabijenih čestica u pojedinačnim sudarima 24Mg-AgBr, 16O-AgBr i 32S-AgBr na energijama 4.5−200 AGeV. Podrobno smo odredili položaje (∆_max) za pojedine sudare i proučili njihovu eksperimentalnu raspodjelu na tim energijama. Opažamo da Gaussova raspodjela može dobro opisati eksperimentalne podatke u cijelom području energija

Analiza maksimalnih procijepa pseudorapiditeta u nuklearnim sudarima na par do nekoliko stotina gev

This paper presents new results on the maximum gap (∆max) in the pseudorapidity distribution of charged particles in individual events in 24Mg-AgBr, 16O-AgBr and 32S-AgBr interaction in the energy range 4.5 − 200 AGeV. The location of the ∆max in an event and the experimental ∆max distribution at all energies has been studied in details. It has been observed that Gaussian distribution can describe the experimental data satisfactorily over the entire energy range.Predstavljamo nove ishode mjerenja maksimalnih procijepa (∆_max) u raspodjeli pseudorapiditeta nabijenih čestica u pojedinačnim sudarima 24Mg-AgBr, 16O-AgBr i 32S-AgBr na energijama 4.5−200 AGeV. Podrobno smo odredili položaje (∆_max) za pojedine sudare i proučili njihovu eksperimentalnu raspodjelu na tim energijama. Opažamo da Gaussova raspodjela može dobro opisati eksperimentalne podatke u cijelom području energija